Plato (428 - 348 BC) | Platonism

Justice would be a simple matter, says Plato, if men were simple; an anarchist communism would suffice. - Why is it - that such a simple Paradise as he has described never comes? —why is it that these Utopias never arrive upon the map? He answers, because of greed and luxury: Men are not content with a simple life: they

Behind the political problems lies the nature of man; to understand politics, we must, unfortunately, understand psychology. "Like man, like state"; "governments vary as the characters of men vary; ... states are made out of the human natures which are in them"; - the state is what it is because its citizens are what they are. Therefore we need not

Well, then, what is to be done? We must begin by "sending out into the country all the inhabitants of the city who are more than 10 years old, and by taking possession of the children, who will thus be protected from the habits of their parents". We cannot build Utopia with young people corrupted at every turn by the

Democracy means perfect equality of opportunity, especially in education; not the rotation of every Tom, Dick and Harry in public office. Every man shall have an equal chance to make himself fit for the complex tasks of administration; but only those who have proved their mettle, and have emerged from all tests with the insignia of skill, shall be eligible

400 years after Plato a Roman procurator of Judea asked, helplessly, "What is truth?"—and philosophers have not yet answered, nor told us what is beauty. But for justice Plato ventures a definition: "Justice," he says, "is the having and doing what is one's own". A society of just men would be therefore a highly harmonious and efficient group: for every

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