Plotinus (c. 204/5 – 270)| Eneads | Platonism

Book 5 On Potentiality and Actuality 1. A distinction is made between things existing actually and things existing potentially; a certain Actuality, also, is spoken of as a really existent entity. We must consider what content there is in these terms. Can we distinguish between Actuality [an absolute, abstract Principle] and the state of being-in-act? And if there is such

Book 6 Quality and Form-Idea 1. Are not Being and Reality (to on and he ousia) distinct; must we not envisage Being as the substance stripped of all else, while Reality is this same thing, Being, accompanied by the others — Movement, Rest, Identity, Difference — so that these are the specific constituents of Reality? The universal fabric, then, is

Book 7 On Complete Transfusion 1. Some enquiry must be made into what is known as the complete transfusion of material substances. Is it possible that fluid be blended with fluid in such a way that each penetrate the other through and through? or — a difference of no importance if any such penetration occurs — that one of them

Book 8 Why Distant Objects Appear Small 1. Seen from a distance, objects appear reduced and close together, however far apart they be: within easy range, their sizes and the distances that separate them are observed correctly. Distant objects show in this reduction because they must be drawn together for vision and the light must be concentrated to suit the

Book 9 Against Those That Affirm the Creator of the Cosmos and the Cosmos Itself to Be Evil: [Generally Quoted As “Against the Gnostics”] 1. We have seen elsewhere that the Good, the Principle, is simplex, and, correspondingly, primal — for the secondary can never be simplex — that it contains nothing: that it is an integral Unity. Now the

10. Under detailed investigation, many other tenets of this school — indeed we might say all — could be corrected with an abundance of proof. But I am withheld by regard for some of our own friends who fell in with this doctrine before joining our circle and, strangely, still cling to it. The school, no doubt, is free-spoken enough

Book 2 Fate 1. In the two orders of things — those whose existence is that of process and those in whom it is Authentic Being — there is a variety of possible relation to Cause. Cause might conceivably underly all the entities in both orders or none in either. It might underly some, only, in each order, the others

Book 2 On Providence (1) 1. To make the existence and coherent structure of this Universe depend upon automatic activity and upon chance is against all good sense. Such a notion could be entertained only where there is neither intelligence nor even ordinary perception; and reason enough has been urged against it, though none is really necessary. But there is

Book 3 On Providence (2) 1. What is our answer? All events and things, good and evil alike, are included under the Universal Reason- Principle of which they are parts — strictly “included” for this Universal Idea does not en- gender them but encompasses them. The Reason-Principles are acts or expressions of a Universal Soul; its parts [i.e., events good

Book 4 Our Tutelary Spirit 1. Some Existents [Absolute Unity and Intellectual-Principle] remain at rest while their Hypostases, or Expressed-Idea, come into being; but, in our view, the Soul generates by its motion, to which is due the sensitive faculty — that in any of its expression-forms — Nature and all forms of life down to the vegetable order. Even

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