10. Objections to the advocate of peace from passages of the Christian Scriptures In examining the arguments by which war is defended, 2 important considerations should be borne in mind: First , those who urge them are not simply defending war – they are also defending themselves: If war is wrong, then their conduct is wrong, and the desire of

11. Prophecies of the Old Testament respecting an era of peace In an inquiry into whether Christianity allows war, there is a subject that always appears to me to be of peculiar importance: the prophecies of the Old Testament respecting the arrival of a period of universal peace. The belief is perhaps general among Christians that a time will come

12. Early Christians – Their belief – Their practice – Early Christian writers The opinions of the earliest professors of Christianity upon the lawfulness of war are of importance, because they who lived nearest to the time of its Founder were the most likely to be informed of his intentions and his will, and to practice them without those adulterations

13. Mosaic institutions An argument has sometimes been advanced in favour of war from the Divine communications to the Jews under the administration of Moses: It has been said that as wars were allowed and enjoined to that people, they cannot be inconsistent with the will of God. We have no intention to dispute that, under the Mosaic dispensation, some

14. Example of men of piety There are some persons who suppose themselves sufficiently justified in their approbation of war by the example of men of piety of our own times. The argument, as an argument, is of little concern, but everything is important that makes us acquiescent in war: “ Here are men ,” they say, “ who make

15. Objections from the distinction between the duties of private and public life There is, however, one argument brought against us, which, if it is just, precludes at once all question upon the subject: that a distinction is to be made between rules which apply to us as individuals, and rules which apply to us as subjects of the state;

16. The absence of a common arbitrator among nations If it is said that Christianity allows to individuals some degree and kind of resistance, and that some resistance is therefore lawful to states, we do not deny it. But if it is said that the degree of lawful resistance extends to the slaughter of our fellow Christians – that it

17. The principles of expediency The rectitude of the distinction between rules that apply to individuals and rules that apply to states is thus maintained by Dr. Paley on the principle of expediency: “ The only distinction ,” says he, “ that exists between the case of independent states and independent individuals, is founded in this circumstance: that the particular

18. Examination of the principles of expediency as applied to war It is obvious that this reasoning proceeds upon the principle that it is lawful to do evil that good may come: If good will come by violating a treaty, we may violate it. If good will come by slaughtering other men, we may slaughter them. I know that the